This article discusses the ways in which a revolution inspired by Islam has emerged in the last few decades in West Africa, mainly through the intervention of Salafi actors, institutions, and reform practices. It calls for attention to context, noting the varieties of Salafism, while problematizing the views its promoters have expressed in relation to state institutions, in particular the secular school system. Emphasizing the role of the Salafi preacher, the paper argues that Salafism has had a crucial impact not only on the religious but also on the public sphere. A social and political critique, Salafism proves a major challenge due to its promotion of alternative moral and political orders, including a jihadi regime.